Journal: Journal of Dental Sciences
Article Title: Hypoxia amplifies arecoline-induced invasion and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma – Insights into TGF-β1 signaling and collagen production
doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.12.026
Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein expression in SCC-25 cells treated with arecoline under hypoxia . (A) Western blot analysis of protein expression levels for HIF1-α, type I collagen, TGF-β1, and phosphorylated Smad2/3 in SCC-25 cells treated with 2.5 μg/mL arecoline under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. β-actin was used as the loading control. (B) Arecoline at 2.5 μg/mL upregulates the protein levels of type I collagen, TGF-β1, and phosphorylated Smad3 in SCC-25 cells under normoxia. (C) Hypoxia alone significantly increases the expression of HIF1-α, type I collagen, and TGF-β1 in both control and arecoline-treated SCC-25 cells, with a further enhancement seen in the arecoline-treated group. Data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 4). Statistical significance was determined using a t-test, with significant differences indicated as follows: ∗ P < 0.05; ∗∗ P < 0.01; ∗∗∗ P < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001.
Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked with 2% BSA (Sigma–Aldrich, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and incubated overnight with primary antibodies for TGF-β1 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), collagen I (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA), HIF1-α (Proteintech), Phospho-Smad2 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), Smad2/3 (Cell Signaling Technology) and β-actin (Abcam).
Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control